一、查看MYSQL数据库中所有用户及拥有权限
1.查看MYSQL数据库中所有用户
mysql> SELECT DISTINCT CONCAT('User: ''',user,'''@''',host,''';') AS query FROM mysql.user;+---------------------------------+| query |+---------------------------------+| User: 'anemometer'@'%'; || User: 'root'@'%'; || User: 'zabbix-monitor'@'%'; || User: 'root'@'127.0.0.1'; || User: 'root'@'192.168.1.90'; || User: 'root'@'::1'; || User: 'anemometer'@'localhost'; || User: 'redmine'@'localhost'; || User: 'root'@'localhost'; || User: 'zabbix'@'localhost'; |+---------------------------------+10 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2.查看数据库中具体某个用户的权限
mysql> show grants for 'anemometer'@'%';+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+| Grants for anemometer@% |+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+| GRANT SELECT ON *.* TO 'anemometer'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*3E68D69BA58D0A50F00FCCF5F15DEDC9EBD432EA' || GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `slow_query_log`.* TO 'anemometer'@'%' |+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from mysql.user where user='anemometer' \G*************************** 1. row *************************** Host: localhost User: anemometer Password: *3E68D69BA58D0A50F00FCCF5F15DEDC9EBD432EA Select_priv: Y Insert_priv: N Update_priv: N Delete_priv: N Create_priv: N Drop_priv: N Reload_priv: N Shutdown_priv: N Process_priv: NFile_priv: N Grant_priv: N References_priv: N Index_priv: N Alter_priv: N Show_db_priv: N Super_priv: N Create_tmp_table_priv: N Lock_tables_priv: N Execute_priv: N Repl_slave_priv: N Repl_client_priv: N Create_view_priv: N Show_view_priv: N Create_routine_priv: N
3.查看user表结构 需要具体的项可结合表结构来查询
mysql> desc mysql.user;+------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+-----------------------+-------+| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |+------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+-----------------------+-------+| Host | char(60) | NO | PRI | | || User | char(16) | NO | PRI | | || Password | char(41) | NO | | | || Select_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | || Insert_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | || Update_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | || Delete_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | || Create_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | || Drop_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | || Reload_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | || Shutdown_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO Process_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | || File_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | || Grant_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | || References_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | || Index_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | || Alter_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | || Show_db_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | || Super_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | || Create_tmp_table_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | || Lock_tables_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | || Execute_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | || Repl_slave_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | || Repl_client_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | || Create_view_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | || Show_view_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | || Create_routine_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | || Alter_routine_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | || Create_user_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | || Event_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | || Trigger_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | || Create_tablespace_priv | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | || ssl_type | enum('','ANY','X509','SPECIFIED') | NO | | | || ssl_cipher | blob | NO | | NULL | || x509_issuer | blob | NO | | NULL | || x509_subject | blob | NO | | NULL | || max_questions | int(11) unsigned | NO | | 0 | || max_updates | int(11) unsigned | NO | | 0 | || max_connections | int(11) unsigned | NO | | 0 | || max_user_connections | int(11) unsigned | NO | | 0 | || plugin | char(64) | YES | | mysql_native_password | || authentication_string | text | YES | | NULL | || password_expired | enum('N','Y') | NO | | N | |+------------------------+-----------------------------------+------+-----+-----------------------+-------+43 rows in set (0.01 sec)
二、用户权限管理主要有以下作用:
1. 可以限制用户访问哪些库、哪些表
2. 可以限制用户对哪些表执行SELECT、CREATE、DELETE、DELETE、ALTER等操作 3. 可以限制用户登录的IP或域名 4. 可以限制用户自己的权限是否可以授权给别的用户(一)、用户授权
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'alex'@'%' identified by '123456' with grant option;•all privileges:表示将所有权限授予给用户。也可指定具体的权限,如:SELECT、CREATE、DROP等。 •on:表示这些权限对哪些数据库和表生效,格式:数据库名.表名,这里写“*”表示所有数据库,所有表。如果我要指定将权限应用到test库的user表中,可以这么写:test.user •to:将权限授予哪个用户。格式:”用户名”@”登录IP或域名”。%表示没有限制,在任何主机都可以登录。比如:”alex”@”192.168.0.%”,表示alex这个用户只能在192.168.0IP段登录 •identified by:指定用户的登录密码 •with grant option:表示允许用户将自己的权限授权给其它用户
可以使用GRANT给用户添加权限,权限会自动叠加,不会覆盖之前授予的权限,比如你先给用户添加一个SELECT权限,后来又给用户添加了一个INSERT权限,那么该用户就同时拥有了SELECT和INSERT权限。
(二)、刷新权限
对用户做了权限变更之后,一定记得重新加载一下权限,将权限信息从内存中写入数据库。
mysql> flush privileges;
(三)、查看用户权限(同前文所叙)
(四)、回收权限
删除alex这个用户的create权限,该用户将不能创建数据库和表。
mysql> revoke create on *.* from 'alex@localhost';mysql> flush privileges;
(五)、删除用户
mysql> select host,user from user;+---------------+---------+| host | user |+---------------+---------+| % | root || % | test3 || % | yx || 192.168.0.% | root || 192.168.0.% | test2 || 192.168.0.109 | test || ::1 | alex || localhost | alex |+---------------+---------+8 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> drop user 'alex'@'localhost';
(六)、用户重命名
shell> rename user 'test3'@'%' to 'test1'@'%';
(七)、修改密码
1> 更新mysql.user表mysql> use mysql;# mysql5.7之前mysql> update user set password=password('123456') where user='root';# mysql5.7之后mysql> update user set authentication_string=password('123456') where user='root';mysql> flush privileges;2> 用set password命令语法:set password for ‘用户名'@'登录地址'=password(‘密码')mysql> set password for 'root'@'localhost'=password('123456');3> mysqladmin语法:mysqladmin -u用户名 -p旧的密码 password 新密码mysql> mysqladmin -uroot -p123456 password 1234abcd注意:mysqladmin位于mysql安装目录的bin目录下
(八)、忘记密码
1> 添加登录跳过权限检查配置修改my.cnf,在mysqld配置节点添加skip-grant-tables配置[mysqld]skip-grant-tables2> 重新启动mysql服务shell> service mysqld restart3> 修改密码此时在终端用mysql命令登录时不需要用户密码,然后按照修改密码的第一种方式将密码修改即可。
4> 还原登录权限跳过检查配置
将my.cnf中mysqld节点的skip-grant-tables配置删除,然后重新启动服务即可。
注:段一参考自:http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-21505614-id-302263.html
段二参考自:http://www.jb51.net/article/87979.htm